Publication 590 |
2000 Tax Year |
Can I Contribute to a Roth IRA?
Generally, you can contribute to a Roth IRA if you have taxable
compensation (defined later) and your modified AGI
(defined later) is less than the amount shown for your filing status
in Table 2.1.
Is there an age limit for contributions?
Contributions can be made to your Roth IRA regardless of your age.
Can I contribute to a Roth IRA for my spouse?
You can contribute to a Roth IRA for your spouse provided the
contributions satisfy the spousal IRA limit (discussed in chapter 1
under How Much Can Be Contributed?) and your modified AGI
is less than the amount shown for your filing status in Table
2.1.
Compensation.
Compensation includes wages, salaries, tips, professional fees,
bonuses, and other amounts received for providing personal services.
It also includes commissions, self-employment income, and taxable
alimony and separate maintenance payments. For more information, see
What Is Compensation? in chapter 1.
Modified AGI.
Your modified AGI is your adjusted gross income (AGI) as shown on
your return modified as follows.
- Subtract any income resulting from the conversion
of an IRA (other than a Roth IRA) to a Roth IRA (conversion income).
Conversions are discussed under Can I Move Amounts Into a Roth
IRA?, later.
- Add the following deductions and exclusions:
- Traditional IRA deduction,
- Student loan interest deduction,
- Foreign earned income exclusion,
- Foreign housing exclusion or deduction,
- Exclusion of qualified bond interest shown on Form 8815,
and
- Exclusion of employer-paid adoption expenses shown on Form
8839.
If the result is more than the Roth IRA limit and you have
other income or loss items, such as social security income or passive
activity losses, that are subject to AGI-based phaseouts, you may
refigure your AGI solely for the purpose of figuring your modified AGI
for Roth IRA purposes. Refigure your AGI without taking any income
from conversions into account. (If you receive social security
benefits, use Worksheet 1 in Appendix B to
refigure your AGI.) Then go to 2 above to refigure your modified AGI.
Conversion income must be taken into account when computing other
AGI-based phaseouts and taxable income for the year. You disregard
conversion income only for the purpose of figuring your modified AGI
for Roth IRA purposes.
How Much Can Be Contributed?
The contribution limit for Roth IRAs depends on whether a
contribution is made only to Roth IRAs or to both traditional IRAs and
Roth IRAs.
Table 2.3. Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet
Roth IRAs only.
If a contribution is made only to Roth IRAs, the maximum
contribution limit is the lesser of $2,000 or your taxable
compensation. If your modified AGI is above a certain amount, your
contribution limit may be reduced, as explained later under
Contribution limit reduced.
Roth IRAs and traditional IRAs.
If you contribute to both Roth IRAs and traditional IRAs
established for your benefit, your contribution limit for Roth IRAs is
the lesser of:
- The maximum contribution limit reduced by all contributions
(other than employer contributions under a SEP or SIMPLE IRA plan) for
the year to all IRAs other than Roth IRAs, or
- The maximum contribution limit reduced because your modified
AGI is above a certain amount, as explained next.
Simplified employee pensions (SEPs) are discussed in chapter 4.
Savings incentive match plans for employees (SIMPLE) are discussed in
chapter 5.
Contribution limit reduced.
If your modified AGI is above a certain amount, your maximum
contribution limit is gradually reduced. Use Table 2.2 to
determine if this reduction applies to you.
Figuring the reduction.
If your modified AGI is within the range shown in Table 2.2
for your filing status, figure your reduced contribution limit
as follows.
- Start with your modified AGI.
- Subtract from the amount in (1):
- $150,000 if filing a joint return,
- $-0- if married filing a separate return, and
you lived with your spouse at any time during the year, or
- $95,000 for all other individuals.
- Divide the result in (2) by $15,000
($10,000 if filing a joint return or married filing a separate
return).
- Multiply the maximum contribution limit (before
reduction by this adjustment and before reduction for any
contributions to traditional IRAs) by the result in
(3).
- Subtract the result in (4) from the
maximum contribution limit before this reduction. The result is your
reduced contribution limit.
Round your reduced contribution limit up to the nearest $10. If
your reduced contribution limit is more than $0, but less than $200,
increase the limit to $200.
Example.
You are a single individual with taxable compensation of $113,000.
You want to make the maximum allowable contribution to your Roth IRA
for 2000. Your modified AGI for 2000 is $100,000. You have not
contributed to any traditional IRA, so the maximum contribution limit
before the modified AGI reduction is $2,000. Using the 5 steps just
described, you figure your reduced Roth IRA contribution of $1,340 as
follows.
- Modified AGI = $100,000
- Subtract the amount for your filing status from line 1
($100,000 - $95,000) = $5,000
- Divide line 2 by the amount for your filing status ($5,000
x $15,000) = .3333
- Multiply the maximum contribution limit (before adjustment)
by line 3 ($2,000 x .3333) = $667
- Subtract line 4 from the contribution limit (before
adjustment) ($2,000 - $667) = $1,340
This is your reduced Roth IRA contribution limit of $1,333 rounded
up to the nearest $10.
When Can I Make Contributions?
You can make contributions to a Roth IRA for a year at any time
during the year or by the due date of your return for that year (not
including extensions).
What If I Contribute Too Much?
A 6% excise tax applies to any excess contribution to a
Roth IRA.
Excess contributions.
These are the contributions to your Roth IRAs for a year that equal
the total of:
- Amounts contributed for the tax year to your Roth IRAs
(other than amounts properly and timely rolled over from a Roth IRA or
properly converted from a traditional IRA, as described later) that
are more than your contribution limit for the year, plus
- Any excess contributions for the preceding year, reduced by
the total of:
- Any distributions out of your Roth IRAs for the year,
plus
- Your contribution limit for the year minus your
contributions to all your IRAs (other than education IRAs) for the
year.
Withdrawal of excess contributions.
For purposes of determining excess contributions, any contribution
that is withdrawn on or before the due date (including extensions) for
filing your tax return for the year is treated as an amount not
contributed. This treatment only applies if any earnings on the
contributions are also withdrawn and are reported as income earned and
receivable in the year the contribution was made.
Applying excess contributions.
If contributions to your Roth IRA for a year were more than the
limit, you can apply the excess contribution in one year to a later
year if the contributions for that later year are less than the
maximum allowed for that year.
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