Publication 590 |
2000 Tax Year |
How Much Can Be Contributed on My Behalf?
The SEP rules permit an employer to contribute each year to each
participating employee's SEP-IRA up to 15% of the employee's
compensation or $30,000, whichever is less. Because only
the first $170,000 of compensation is usually considered, the limit is
actually the lesser of 15% of compensation or $25,500. These
contributions are funded by the employer.
An employer who signs a SEP agreement does not have to make any
contribution to the SEP-IRAs that are set up. But, if the employer
does make contributions, the contributions must be based on a written
allocation formula and must not discriminate in favor of highly
compensated employees (defined in Publication 560).
Figuring the 15% Limit
For purposes of determining the 15% limit, compensation is
generally limited to $170,000, not including your employer's
contribution to your SEP-IRA.
Example.
Barry's nonunion employer has a SEP for its employees. Barry's
compensation for 2000, before his employer's contribution to his
SEP-IRA, was $180,000. Because the 15% limit is less than the $30,000
limit, Barry's employer can contribute up to $25,500 (15% x
$170,000) to Barry's SEP-IRA.
Deduction Limit for a Self-Employed Person
If you are self-employed and contribute to your own SEP-IRA,
special rules apply when figuring your maximum deduction for these
contributions.
Compensation for the self-employed.
For determining the 15% limit on contributions, discussed above,
your compensation is your net earnings from self-employment,
defined later. Note that, for SEP purposes, your net earnings
(compensation) must take into account your deduction for contributions
to your own SEP-IRA. Because your deduction amount and your net
earnings amount are each dependent on the other, this adjustment
presents a problem.
To solve this problem, you make the adjustment to net earnings
indirectly by, in figuring your maximum deduction, reducing the
contribution rate called for in the plan. Use the following worksheets
to find this reduced contribution rate and your maximum deduction.
Make no reduction to the contribution rate for any common-law
employees.
Self-Employed Person's Rate Worksheet
1) |
Plan contribution rate as a decimal (for
example, 10 1/2% would be 0.105) |
|
2) |
Rate in line 1 plus one (for example, 0.105
plus one would be 1.105) |
|
3) |
Self-employed rate as a decimal. (Divide line 1
by line 2.) |
|
Self-Employed Person's Deduction Worksheet
Step 1
Enter your net earnings from line 3, Schedule C-EZ
(Form 1040), line 31, Schedule C (Form 1040), line
36, Schedule F (Form 1040), or line 15a, Schedule
K-1 (Form 1065) plus any elective contributions or
deferrals described under Net earnings from
self-employment, later |
$ |
Step 2
Enter your deduction for self-employment tax from
line 27, Form 1040 |
$ |
Step 3
Subtract Step 2 from Step 1 and enter the result |
$ |
Step 4
Enter your rate from the Self-Employed Person's Rate
Worksheet |
|
Step 5
Multiply Step 3 by Step 4 and enter the result |
$ |
Step 6
Multiply $170,000 by your plan contribution rate.
Enter the result but not more than $30,000 |
$ |
Step 7
Enter the smaller of Step 5 or Step 6. This is your
maximum deductible contribution. |
$ |
Example.
You are a sole proprietor and have employees. The terms of your
plan provide that you contribute 10 1/2% (.105) of your
compensation, and 10 1/2% of your common-law employees'
compensation. Your net earnings from line 31, Schedule C (Form 1040)
is $200,000. In figuring this amount, you deducted your common-law
employees' compensation of $100,000 and contributions for them of
$10,500 (10 1/2% x $100,000). This net earnings amount is
now reduced to $193,267 by subtracting your self-employment tax
deduction of $6,733. You figure your self-employed rate and maximum
deduction for employer contributions on behalf of yourself as follows:
Self-Employed Person's Rate Worksheet
1) |
Plan contribution rate as a decimal (for example, 10 1/2% would be 0.105) |
0.105 |
2) |
Rate in line 1 plus one, (for example, 0.105 plus one would be 1.105) |
1.105 |
3) |
Self-employed rate as a decimal. (Divide line 1 by line 2.) |
0.095 |
Self-Employed Person's Deduction Worksheet
Step 1
Enter your net earnings from line 3, Schedule C-EZ
(Form 1040), line 31, Schedule C (Form 1040), line
36, Schedule F (Form 1040), or line 15a, Schedule
K-1 (Form 1065) plus any elective contributions or
deferrals described under Net earnings from
self-employment, later |
$ 200,000 |
Step 2
Enter your deduction for self-employment tax from
line 27, Form 1040 |
$ 6,733 |
Step 3
Subtract Step 2 from Step 1 and enter the result |
$ 193,267 |
Step 4
Enter your rate from the Self-Employed Person's Rate
Worksheet |
0.095 |
Step 5
Multiply Step 3 by Step 4 and enter the result |
$ 18,360 |
Step 6
Multiply $170,000 by your plan contribution rate.
Enter the result but not more than $30,000 |
$ 17,850 |
Step 7
Enter the smaller of Step 5 or Step 6. This is your
maximum deductible contribution. |
$ 17,850 |
Net earnings from self-employment.
For SEP purposes, your net earnings are your gross income from your
business minus allowable deductions for that business. Allowable
deductions include contributions to your employees' SEP-IRAs. You also
take into account the deduction allowed for one-half of your
self-employment tax, and the deduction for contributions to your own
SEP-IRA.
What to include.
Include the following items in your net earnings.
- Foreign earned income and housing cost amounts.
- If you are a partner, your distributive share of partnership
income or loss (other than separately treated items such as capital
gains and losses).
- If you are a limited partner, guaranteed payments for
services to or for the partnership.
- Elective contributions or deferrals under any of the
following plans.
- 401(k) plans.
- 403(b) plans (tax-sheltered annuities).
- SEP plans (salary reduction arrangements).
- Savings incentive match plans for employees (SIMPLE
plans).
- Cafeteria plans.
- 457 plans (plans of state and local governments and certain
tax-exempt organizations).
What not to include.
Do not include the following items in your net earnings.
- Tax-free items (or deductions related to them).
- If you are a limited partner, distributions of income or
loss.
Time Limit for Contributions
To deduct contributions for a year, the employer must make the
contributions by the due date (including extensions) of the employer's
return for the year.
Overall Limit--Employer With Defined Contribution and
SEP Plans
If an employer contributes to a defined contribution retirement
plan (a plan under which an individual account is set up for each
participant), annual additions to an account are limited to the lesser
of (1) $30,000 or (2) 25% of the participant's compensation. Moreover,
for purposes of these limits, contributions to more than one such plan
must be added. Since a SEP is considered a defined contribution plan
for purposes of these limits, employer contributions to a SEP must be
added to other contributions to defined contribution plans.
Are My Employer's Contributions Taxable?
Your employer's contributions to your SEP-IRA are excluded from
your income rather than deducted from it. Your employer's
contributions to your SEP-IRA should not be included in your wages on
your Form W-2 unless there are contributions under a salary
reduction arrangement (explained later).
Unless there are excess contributions, you do not include any
contributions in your gross income; nor do you deduct any of them.
Excess employer contributions.
If your employer contributes more than is allowed, you must include
the excess in your gross income, without any offsetting deduction.
Excess employer contributions you withdraw before your return
is due.
If your employer contributes more to your SEP-IRA than 15% of your
compensation or $30,000, whichever is less, you will not have to pay
the 6% tax (discussed in chapter 1
under Excess
Contributions) on it if you withdraw this excess amount (and any
interest or other income earned on it) from your SEP-IRA before the
date for filing your tax return, including extensions. However, you
may have to pay an additional 10% tax (discussed in chapter 1
under
Early Distributions) on the early distribution of the
interest or other income earned on the excess contribution.
Excess employer contributions you withdraw after your return
is due.
If employer contributions for the year are $30,000 or less, you can
withdraw any excess employer contributions from your SEP-IRA after the
due date for filing your tax return, including extensions, free of the
10% tax on early distributions, discussed earlier. However, the excess
contribution is subject to the annual 6% excise tax. Also, you may
have to pay the additional 10% tax on the early distribution of
interest or other income earned on the excess contribution.
Can I Contribute to My SEP-IRA?
You can make contributions to your SEP-IRA independent of employer
SEP contributions. You can deduct them the same way as contributions
to a regular IRA. However, your deduction may be reduced or eliminated
because, as a participant in a SEP, you are covered by an employer
retirement plan. See How Much Can I Deduct? in chapter 1.
Excess contributions you make.
For information on excess contributions you make to your SEP-IRA
independent of employer SEP contributions, see What Acts Result
in Penalties? in chapter 1.
Self-employed individuals.
If you are self-employed (a sole proprietor or partner) and have a
SEP plan, take your deduction for employer contributions to your own
SEP-IRA on line 29, Form 1040. If you also make deductible
contributions to your SEP-IRA (or any other IRA you own) independent
of your employer contributions, take your deduction on line 23, Form
1040.
For more employer information on SEP-IRAs, get Publication 560.
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