Social security and Medicare taxes may apply to wages paid to an employee regardless of where the services are performed.

General Information

In general, U.S. social security and Medicare taxes do not apply to wages for services you perform as an employee outside of the United States unless one of the following exceptions applies:

1. You perform the services on or in connection with an American vessel or aircraft and either:
   1. You entered into your employment contract within the United States, or
   2. The vessel or aircraft touches at a U.S. port while you are employed on it.
2. You are working in one of the countries with which the United States has entered into a binational social security agreement (discussed later),
3. You are working for an American employer (defined later), or
4. You are working for a foreign affiliate of an American employer under a voluntary agreement entered into between the American employer and the U.S. Treasury Department.

American vessel or aircraft. An American vessel is any vessel documented or numbered under the laws of the United States, and any other vessel whose crew is employed solely by one or more U.S. citizens or residents or U.S. corporations. An American aircraft is an aircraft registered under the laws of the United States.

American employer. An American employer includes any of the following employers.

1. The U.S. Government or any of its instrumentalities.
2. An individual who is a resident of the United States.
3. A partnership of which at least two-thirds of the partners are U.S. residents.
4. A trust of which all the trustees are U.S. residents.
5. A corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any U.S. state, or the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, or American Samoa.

Foreign affiliate. A foreign affiliate of an American employer is any foreign entity in which the American employer has at least a 10% interest, directly or through one or more entities. For a corporation, the 10% interest must be in its voting stock, and for any other entity the 10% interest must be in its profits.

Form 2032, Contract Coverage Under Title II of the Social Security Act, is used by American employers to extend social security coverage to U.S. citizens and residents working abroad for foreign affiliates of the American employers. Coverage under an agreement in effect on or after June 15, 1989, cannot be terminated.

Excludable meals and lodging. Social security tax does not apply to the value of meals and lodging provided to you for the convenience of your employer and excluded from your income.

Binational Social Security (Totalization) Agreements

The United States has entered into agreements with several foreign countries to coordinate social security coverage and taxation of workers who are employed in those countries. These agreements are commonly referred to as totalization agreements and are in effect with the following countries.

• Austria.
• Belgium.
• Canada.
• Finland.
• France.
• Germany.
• Greece.
• Ireland.
• Italy.
• Luxembourg.
• The Netherlands.
• Norway.
• Portugal.
• Spain.
• Sweden.
• Switzerland.
• The United Kingdom.

Under these agreements, dual coverage and dual contributions (taxes) for the same work are eliminated. The agreements generally make sure that you pay social security taxes to only one country.

Generally, under these agreements, you will only be subject to social security taxes in the country where you are working. However, if you are temporarily sent to work in a foreign country, and your pay would otherwise be subject to social security taxes in both the United States and that country, you generally can remain covered only by U.S. social security. You can get more information on any specific agreement by contacting the United States Social Security Administration. If you have access to the Internet, you can get more information at:
http://www.ssa.gov/international

To establish that your pay in a foreign country is subject only to U.S. social security tax and is exempt from foreign social security tax, your employer in the United States should write to the: U.S. Social Security Administration Office of International Programs P.O. Box 17741 Baltimore, MD 21235.

Your employer should include the following information in the letter.

1. Your name.
2. Your U.S. social security number.
3. Your date and place of birth.
4. The country of which you are a citizen.
5. The country of your permanent residence.
6. The name and address of your employer in the United States and in the foreign country.
7. The date and place you were hired.
8. The beginning date and the expected ending date of your employment in the foreign country.

If you are permanently working in a foreign country with which the United States has a social security agreement and, under the agreement, your pay is exempt from U.S. social security tax, you or your employer should get a statement from the authorized official or agency of the foreign country verifying that your pay is subject to social security coverage in that country.

If the authorities of the foreign country will not issue such a statement, either you or your employer should get a statement from the U.S. Social Security Administration, Office of International Programs, at the above address, that your wages are not covered by the U.S. social security system.

This statement should be kept by your employer because it establishes that your pay is exempt from U.S. social security tax. Only wages paid on or after the effective date of the agreement can be exempt from U.S. social security tax.

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