Can a husband and wife run a business as a sole proprietor or do they need to be a partnership?

It is possible for either the husband or the wife to be the owner of the sole proprietor business. When only one spouse is the owner, the other spouse can work in the business as an employee. If the spouses intend to carry on the business together and share in the profits and losses, then they have formed a partnership. See Rev. Proc. 2002-69 for Special Rules for Spouses in Community States.

I recently formed a limited liability company (LLC). The LLC has no employees. Do I need a separate Federal Tax ID number for the LLC?

No, you will not need a separate Federal Tax ID number for the LLC if you are the sole owner of the LLC and the LLC has no employees. If you are the sole owner of the LLC and the LLC has employees, you will need to get a separate Federal Tax ID number, if you choose to have the LLC report and pay employment taxes with respect to employees of the LLC. If you are not the sole owner of the LLC, you will need a separate Federal Tax ID number for the LLC. See Notice 99-6, 1999-1 CB 321.

Is an employer ID number the same as a tax ID number?

Yes, an employer identification number, or EIN, is also known as a taxpayer identification number, or TIN. A sole proprietorship that has no employees and files no excise or pension tax returns and a LLC with a single owner (where the owner will file employment tax returns) are the only businesses that do not need an employer identification number. In these instances, the sole proprietor uses his or her social security number as the taxpayer identification number.

Does a small company need a tax ID number?

A sole proprietor who does not have any employees and who does not file any excise or pension plan tax returns is the only business person who does not need an employer identification number. In this instance, the sole proprietor uses his or her social security number as the taxpayer identification number.

Under what circumstances am I required to change my employer identification number (EIN)?

If you already have an EIN, and the organization or ownership of your business changes, you may need to apply for a new number. Some of the circumstances under which a new number is required are as follows:

This list is not all inclusive. Please refer to the website www.irs.gov under Business, then Employer ID Numbers.

Do businesses have to obtain the taxpayer identification number (TIN) from vendors and keep it somewhere on file?

In general, businesses are required to obtain the TIN from vendors if they are required to file any return, document or other statement that calls for the taxpayer identification numbers (TINs) of other taxpayers. Form W-9 (PDF), Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification, can be used to make the request. The business should also maintain the verification of these numbers in their records.

How do you distinguish between a business and a hobby?

Since hobby expenses are deductible only to the extent of hobby income, it is important to distinguish hobby expenses from expenses incurred in an activity engaged in for profit. In making this distinction, all facts and circumstances with respect to the activity are taken into account and no one factor is determinative. Among the factors which should normally be taken into account are the following:

Additional information on this topic is available in section 1.183-2 (b) of the federal tax regulations.

I am starting a small business. What assistance can IRS give me?

If you are starting or already have a small business and need information on taxes, recordkeeping, accounting practices, completing Federal business and employment tax returns, and meeting other Federal tax obligations, there is help available. Much of the assistance is free. The service is called Small Business Tax Education Program, or STEP. Go to Around the Nation for seminars in your area or check out Tax Info For Business on the IRS web site. You can find out more about this program for small business by referring to Publication 1066 (PDF), Small Business Tax Workshop, or Tax Topic 103, Small Business Tax Education Program (STEP).

How do I find out about whether or not my business needs to collect sales tax?

Your question is a state tax question. Your state revenue department should provide information regarding sales tax to you. To access the state you need to direct your question to, please go to our Alphabetical State Index.

I just started a small business and want to know if I have to file my income taxes quarterly or at the end of the year?

The Federal Income Tax return is filed annually. As a self-employed individual, if after deducting withholding and credits you expect to owe $1,000.00 at the end of the year, you should make estimated tax payments on a quarterly basis. Form 1040-ES (PDF), Estimated Tax for Individuals, will assist you in determining if estimated tax payments are due and how they are paid.

When you file the income tax return at the end of the year, you include the income from the business on the return. The forms to be filed are Form 1040 (PDF), U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, Form 1040, Schedule C (PDF), Profit or Loss from Business Form 1040, Schedule SE (PDF), Self-Employment Tax. If estimated tax payments where made during the year, they will be claimed on the individual income tax return as payments. See Form 1040, Line 57.