K. Amendments to Title XII of the 1997 Act Relating to Simplification Provisions

1. Travel expenses of Federal employees participating in a Federal criminal investigation (Sec. 6012(a) of the bill, Sec. 1204 of the 1997 Act, and Sec. 162 of the Code)

Present Law

Unreimbursed ordinary and necessary travel expenses paid or incurred by an individual in connection with temporary employment away from home (e.g., transportation costs and the cost of meals and lodging) are generally deductible, subject to the two-percent floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions. Travel expenses paid or incurred in connection with indefinite employment away from home, however, are not deductible. A taxpayer's employment away from home in a single location is indefinite rather than temporary if it lasts for one year or more; thus, no deduction is permitted for travel expenses paid or incurred in connection with such employment (Sec. 162(a)). If a taxpayer's employment away from home in a single location lasts for less than one year, whether such employment is temporary or indefinite is determined on the basis of the facts and circumstances.

The 1997 Act provided that the one-year limitation with respect to deductibility of expenses while temporarily away from home does not include any period during which a Federal employee is certified by the Attorney General (or the Attorney General's designee) as traveling on behalf of the Federal Government in a temporary duty status to investigate or provide support services to the investigation of a Federal crime. Thus, expenses for these individuals during these periods are fully deductible, regardless of the length of the period for which certification is given (provided that the other requirements for deductibility are satisfied).

Explanation of Provision

The provision clarifies that prosecuting a Federal crime or providing support services to the prosecution of a Federal crime is considered part of investigating a Federal crime.

Effective Date

The provision is effective for amounts paid or incurred with respect to taxable years ending after the date of enactment of the 1997 Act.

2. Effective date for provisions relating to electing large partnerships, partnership returns required on magnetic media, and treatment of partnership items of individual retirement arrangements (Sec. 6012(d) of the bill and Sec. 1226 of the 1997 Act)

Present Law

Rules for simplified flowthrough and simplified audit procedures for electing large partnerships, as well as a March 15 due date for furnishing information to partners of an electing large partnership, were added to present law by the 1997 Act. The 1997 Act also added a rule providing that partnership returns are required on magnetic media, and modified the treatment of partnership items of individual retirement arrangements. The 1997 Act statement of managers provided that these provisions apply to partnership taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997. The statute provided that the rules for simplified flowthrough for electing large partnerships apply to partnership taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997 (Act Sec. 1221(c)), although the statute also provided that all the provisions apply to partnership taxable years ending on or after December 31, 1997 (Act Sec. 1226).

Explanation of Provision

The technical correction provides that these provisions apply to partnership taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

Effective Date

The provision is effective as if enacted in the 1997 Act.

3. Modification of distribution rules for REITs (Sec. 6012(f) of the bill, Sec. 1256 of the 1997 Act, and Sec. 857 of the Code)

Present Law

in general, a real estate investment trust ("REIT") is an entity that receives most of its income from passive real estate investments and meets certain other requirements. A REIT receives conduit treatment (i.e., one level of tax) for income distributed to its shareholders. A REIT generally must distribute 95 percent of its earnings (Sec. 857(a)(1)). An entity loses its status as a REIT if it retains non-REIT earnings and profits (Sec. 857(a)(2)). A REIT simplification provision in the 1997 Act provides that any distribution from a REIT will be deemed to first come from the earliest earnings and profits of the entity. As a result, in the case of a REIT with accumulated REIT earnings and profits that inherits subsequently earned non-REIT earnings and profits (e.g., by way of merger with a C corporation), that the entity must distribute both the accumulated REIT earnings and profits as well as the inherited non-REIT earnings and profits under the 1997 Act provision in order to retain its REIT status.

Explanation of Provision

The provision amends the simplification provision to provide that any distribution from a REIT will be deemed to first come from earnings and profits that were generated when the entity did not qualify as a REIT. The provision does not change the requirement that a REIT must distribute 95 percent of its REIT earnings, or any other requirement.

Effective Date

The provision is effective for taxable years beginning after August 5, 1997.

L. Amendments to Title XIII of the 1997 Act Relating to Estate, Gift and Trust Simplification

1. Clarification of treatment of revocable trusts for purposes of the generation skipping transfer tax (Sec. 6013(a) of the bill, Sec. 1305 of the 1997, Act and Secs. 2652 and 2654 of the Code)

Present Law

The 1997 Act provided an irrevocable election to treat a qualified revocable trust as part of the decedent's estate for Federal income tax purposes. For this purpose, a qualified revocable trust is any trust (or portion thereof) which was treated as owned by the decedent with respect to whom the election is being made, by reason of a power in the grantor (i.e., trusts that are treated as owned by the decedent solely by reason of a power in a nonadverse party would not qualify). A conforming change was also made to section 2652(b) for generation-skipping transfer tax purposes.

Explanation of Provision

The provision clarifies that the election to treat a qualified revocable trust as part of the decedent's estate would apply for generation-skipping transfer tax purposes only with respect to the application of section 2654(b) (describing when a single trust may be treated as two or more trusts). The election has no other effect for generation-skipping transfer tax purposes.

Effective Date

The provision applies to decedents dying after the date of enactment of the 1997 Act.

2. Provision of regulatory authority for simplified reporting of funeral trusts terminated during the taxable year (Sec. 6013(b) of the bill, Sec. 1309 of the 1997 Act and Sec. 685(f) of the Code)

Present Law

The 1997 Act provided an election which allows the trustee of a qualified pre-need funeral trust to elect special tax treatment for such a trust, to the extent the trust would otherwise be treated as a grantor trust. As part of this provision, the Secretary of the Treasury was granted regulatory authority to prescribe rules for simplified reporting of all trusts having a single trustee.

Explanation of Provision

The provision clarifies that a pre-need funeral trust may continue to qualify for these special rules for the 60-day period after the decedent's death, even though the trust ceases to be a grantor trust during that time. in addition, the provision extends the Secretary's regulatory authority to include rules providing for the inclusion of trusts terminated during the year (e.g., in the event of the death of the beneficiary) in the simplified reporting.

Effective Date

The provision applies to decedents dying after the date of enactment of the 1997 Act.

M. Amendment to Title XIV of the 1997 Act Relating to Excise Tax Simplification

1. Clarify that the provision allowing wine imported in bulk to be transferred to a U.S. winery without payment of tax (Sec. 6014(a) of the bill, Sec. 1422 of the 1997 Act, and Sec. 5364 of the Code)

Present Law

Wine is subject to an excise tax ranging from $1.07 per gallon to $3.40 per gallon, depending on its alcohol content. Distilled spirits are subject to excise tax at a rate of $13.50 per proof gallon. A tax credit equal to the difference between the distilled spirits tax rate and the wine tax rate is allowed for wine that is blended into distilled spirits products (Sec. 5010). The wine excise tax is imposed on removal of the beverage from a winery, or on importation. The 1997 Act included a provision allowing wine to be imported in bulk and transferred to a U.S. winery without payment of tax (generally until the wine is removed from the winery).

U. S. law defines wine generally as alcohol that is derived from fruit or fruit residues ("natural wine"). Natural wine may not be fortified with grain or other non-fruit derived alcohol if produced in the U.S. Certain other countries allow wine that is marketed as a natural wine to be fortified with alcohol from other sources. U.S. law follows the laws of the country of origin in classifying imported wine.

Explanation of Provision

The provision clarifies that the provision of the 1997 Act liberalizing rules for bulk importation of wine applies only to alcohol that would qualify as a natural wine if produced in the United States.

Effective Date

The provision is effective as if included in the 1997 Act.