Instructions for Form 8606 (2006)

What's New

IRA contribution limit increased. You and your spouse, if filing jointly, may each be able to contribute up to $5,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2006. See Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and Roth IRAs that begins on page 2.

Nontaxable combat pay. If you were a member of the U.S. Armed Forces, any nontaxable combat pay you received is included in taxable compensation for purposes of determining your IRA contribution limit. See Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and Roth IRAs that begins on page 2.

This rule also applies for 2004 and 2005. To see if you can increase your IRA contribution limit for those years, see Pub. 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).

Purpose of Form

Use Form 8606 to report:

Nondeductible contributions you made to traditional IRAs,
Distributions from traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRAs, if you have ever made nondeductible contributions to traditional IRAs,

Distributions from Roth IRAs, and
Conversions from traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRAs to Roth IRAs.

Additional information. See Pub. 590, for more details.

If you received distributions from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA in 2006 and you have never made nondeductible contributions to traditional IRAs, do not report the distributions on Form 8606. Instead, see the instructions for Form 1040, lines 15a and 15b; Form 1040A, lines 11a and 11b; or Form 1040NR, lines 16a and 16b. Also, to find out if any of your contributions to traditional IRAs are deductible, see the instructions for Form 1040, line 32; Form 1040A, line 17; or Form 1040NR, line 31.

Who Must File

File Form 8606 if any of the following apply.

You made nondeductible contributions to a traditional IRA for 2006, including a repayment of a qualified hurricane or reservist distribution.
You received distributions from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA in 2006 and your basis in traditional IRAs is more than zero. For this purpose, a distribution does not include a rollover (other than a repayment of a qualified hurricane distribution), qualified charitable distribution, conversion, recharacterization, or return of certain contributions.
You converted an amount from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA in 2006 (unless you recharacterized the entire conversion—see page 3).
You received distributions from a Roth IRA in 2006 (other than a rollover, recharacterization, or return of certain contributions—see page 7).

Note. If you recharacterized a 2006 Roth IRA contribution as a traditional IRA contribution, or vice versa, treat the contribution as having been made to the second IRA, not the first IRA. See page 3.

If you have any qualified hurricane distributions, complete Part I of Form 8915 before you complete Form 8606.

You do not have to file Form 8606 solely to report regular contributions to Roth IRAs. But see What Records Must I Keep? on page 5.

When and Where To File

File Form 8606 with your 2006 Form 1040, 1040A, or 1040NR. If you are not required to file an income tax return but are required to file Form 8606, sign Form 8606 and send it to the Internal Revenue Service at the same time and place you would otherwise file Form 1040, 1040A, or 1040NR.

Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet (keep for your records)

Caution:If married filing jointly and the combined taxable compensation (defined on this page) for you and your spouse is less than $8,000 ($9,000 if one spouse is 50 or older at the end of 2006; $10,000 if both spouses are 50 or older at the end of 2006), do not use this worksheet. Instead, see Pub. 590 for special rules.
1	If married filing jointly, enter $4,000 ($5,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2006). All others, enter the smaller of $4,000 ($5,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2006) or your taxable compensation (defined on this page)	1
2	Enter your total contributions to traditional IRAs for 2006	2
3	Subtract line 2 from line 1	3
4	Enter: $160,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er); $10,000 if married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time in 2006. All others, enter $110,000	4
5	Enter your modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes (see this page)	5
6	Subtract line 5 from line 4. If zero or less, stop here; you may not contribute to a Roth IRA for 2006. See Recharacterizations on page 3 if you made Roth IRA contributions for 2006	6
7	If line 4 above is $110,000, enter $15,000; otherwise, enter $10,000. If line 6 is more than or equal to line 7, skip lines 8 and 9 and enter the amount from line 3 on line 10	7
8	Divide line 6 by line 7 and enter the result as a decimal (rounded to at least 3 places). If the result is 1.000 or more, enter 1.000	8
9	Multiply line 1 by line 8. If the result is not a multiple of $10, increase it to the next multiple of $10 (for example, increase $490.30 to $500). Enter the result, but not less than $200	9
10	Maximum 2006 Roth IRA Contribution. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 9. See Recharacterizations on page 3 if you contributed more than this amount to Roth IRAs for 2006	10

Definitions

Deemed IRAs

A qualified employer plan (retirement plan) can maintain a separate account or annuity under the plan (a deemed IRA) to receive voluntary employee contributions. If in 2006 you had a deemed IRA, use the rules for either a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA depending on which type it was. See Pub. 590 for more details.

Traditional IRAs

For purposes of Form 8606, a traditional IRA is an individual retirement account or an individual retirement annuity other than a SEP, SIMPLE, or Roth IRA.

Contributions. An overall contribution limit applies to traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. See Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and Roth IRAs that begins on page 2. Contributions to a traditional IRA may be fully deductible, partially deductible, or completely nondeductible.

Basis. Your basis in traditional IRAs is the total of all your nondeductible contributions to traditional IRAs minus the total of all your nontaxable distributions, adjusted if necessary (see the instructions for line 2 on page 5). Keep track of your basis to figure the nontaxable part of your future distributions.

SEP IRAs

A simplified employee pension (SEP) is an employer-sponsored plan under which an employer can make contributions to traditional IRAs for its employees. If you make contributions to that IRA (excluding employer contributions you make if you are self-employed), they are treated as contributions to a traditional IRA and may be deductible or nondeductible. SEP IRA distributions are reported in the same manner as traditional IRA distributions.

SIMPLE IRAs

Your participation in your employer's SIMPLE IRA plan does not prevent you from making contributions to a traditional, SEP, or Roth IRA.

Roth IRAs

A Roth IRA is similar to a traditional IRA, but has the following features.

Contributions are never deductible.
Contributions can be made after the owner reaches age 70½.
No minimum distributions are required during the Roth IRA owner's lifetime.
Qualified distributions are not includible in income.

Qualified distribution. Generally, a qualified distribution is any distribution made:

On or after age 59½,
Upon death,
Due to disability, or
For qualified first-time homebuyer expenses.

Exception. Any distribution made during the 5-year period beginning with the first year for which you made a Roth IRA contribution or conversion is not a qualified distribution, and may be taxable.

Contributions. You can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2006 only if your 2006 modified adjusted gross income (AGI) for Roth IRA purposes is less than:

$10,000 if married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time in 2006,
$160,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er), or
$110,000 if single, head of household, or if married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time in 2006.

Use the Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet below to figure the maximum amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2006. If you are married filing jointly, complete the worksheet separately for you and your spouse.

If you contributed too much, see Recharacterizations on page 3.

Modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes. First, figure your AGI (Form 1040, line 38; Form 1040A, line 22; or Form 1040NR, line 36). Then, refigure it by:

Subtracting the following.
1. Roth IRA conversions included on Form 1040, line 15b; Form 1040A, line 11b; or Form 1040NR, line 16b.
2. Minimum required distributions from IRAs (for conversions only).
Adding the following.
1. IRA deduction from Form 1040, line 32; Form 1040A, line 17; or Form 1040NR, line 31.
2. Student loan interest deduction from Form 1040, line 33; Form 1040A, line 18; or Form 1040NR, line 32.
3. Tuition and fees deduction from Form 1040, line 35.
4. Domestic production activities deduction from Form 1040, line 35, or Form 1040NR, line 33.
5. Exclusion of interest from Form 8815, Exclusion of Interest From Series EE and I U.S. Savings Bonds Issued After 1989.
6. Exclusion of employer-provided adoption benefits from Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses.
7. Foreign earned income exclusion from Form 2555, Foreign Earned Income, or Form 2555-EZ, Foreign Earned Income Exclusion.
8. Foreign housing exclusion or deduction from Form 2555.

When figuring modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes, you may have to refigure items based on modified AGI, such as taxable social security benefits and passive activity losses allowed under the special allowance for rental real estate activities. See Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA? in Pub. 590 for details.

Distributions. See the instructions for Part III that begin on page 7.

Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and Roth IRAs

If you are not married filing jointly, your limit on contributions to traditional and Roth IRAs is the smaller of $4,000 ($5,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2006) or your taxable compensation (see below). If you are married filing jointly, your contribution limit is generally $4,000 ($5,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2006) and your spouse's contribution limit is $4,000 ($5,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2006) as well. But if the combined taxable compensation of both you and your spouse is less than $8,000 ($9,000 if one spouse is 50 or older at the end of 2006; $10,000 if both spouses are 50 or older at the end of 2006), see Pub. 590 for special rules. This limit does not apply to employer contributions to a SEP or SIMPLE IRA.

Rollovers, Roth IRA conversions, and repayments of qualified hurricane and reservists distributions do not affect your contribution limit.

The amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA may also be limited by your modified AGI (see Contributions and the Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet on this page).

Taxable compensation includes the following.

Wages, salaries, tips, etc. If you received a distribution from a nonqualified deferred compensation plan or nongovernmental section 457 plan that is included in Form W-2, box 1, or in Form 1099-MISC, box 7, do not include that distribution in taxable compensation. The distribution should be shown in (a) Form W-2, box 11, (b) Form W-2, box 12, with code Z, or (c) Form 1099-MISC, box 15b. If it is not, contact your employer for the amount of the distribution.
Nontaxable combat pay if you were a member of the U.S. Armed Forces.
Self-employment income. If you are self-employed (a sole proprietor or a partner), taxable compensation is your net earnings from your trade or business (provided your personal services are a material income-producing factor) reduced by your deduction for contributions made on your behalf to retirement plans and the deduction allowed for one-half of your self-employment tax.
Alimony and separate maintenance.

See Pub. 590 for details.

Recharacterizations

Generally, you can recharacterize (correct) an IRA contribution or Roth IRA conversion by making a trustee-to-trustee transfer from one IRA to another type of IRA. Trustee-to-trustee transfers are made directly between financial institutions or within the same financial institution. You generally must make the transfer by the due date of your return (including extensions) and reflect it on your return. However, if you timely filed your return without making the transfer, you can make the transfer within 6 months of the due date of your return, excluding extensions. If necessary, file an amended return reflecting the transfer (see page 5). Write “Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2” on the amended return.

Reporting recharacterizations. Any recharacterized conversion will be treated as though the conversion had not occurred. Any recharacterized contribution will be treated as having been originally contributed to the second IRA, not the first IRA. The amount transferred must include related earnings or be reduced by any loss. In most cases, the related earnings that you must transfer are figured by your IRA trustee or custodian. If you need to figure the related earnings, see How Do You Recharacterize a Contribution in Pub. 590. Any earnings or loss that occurred in the first IRA will be treated as having occurred in the second IRA. You cannot deduct any loss that occurred while the funds were in the first IRA. Also, you cannot take a deduction for a contribution to a traditional IRA if the amount is later recharacterized. See below for how to report the three different types of recharacterizations, including the statement that must be attached to your return explaining the recharacterization.

You converted an amount from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA in 2006 and later recharacterized all or part of the amount back to a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA. If you only recharacterized part of the amount converted, report the amount not recharacterized on Form 8606. If you recharacterized the entire amount, do not report the recharacterization on Form 8606. In either case, attach a statement to your return explaining the recharacterization and include the amount converted from the traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA in the total on Form 1040, line 15a; Form 1040A, line 11a; or Form 1040NR, line 16a. If the recharacterization occurred in 2006, also include the amount transferred back from the Roth IRA on that line. If the recharacterization occurred in 2007, report the amount transferred only in the attached statement, and not on your 2006 or 2007 tax return (a 2007 Form 1099-R should be sent to you by January 31, 2008, stating that you made a recharacterization of an amount converted in the prior year).

Example. You are married filing jointly and converted $20,000 from your traditional IRA to a new Roth IRA on May 20, 2006. On April 7, 2007, you determine that your 2006 modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes will exceed $100,000, and you are not allowed to make a Roth IRA conversion. The value of the Roth IRA on that date is $19,000. You recharacterize the conversion by transferring that entire amount to a traditional IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer. You report $20,000 on Form 1040, line 15a. You do not include the $19,000 on line 15a because it did not occur in 2006 (you also do not report that amount on your 2007 return because it does not apply to the 2007 tax year). You attach a statement to Form 1040 explaining that (a) you made a conversion of $20,000 from a traditional IRA on May 20, 2006, (b) you recharacterized the entire amount, which was then valued at $19,000, back to a traditional IRA on April 7, 2007, and (c) you recharacterized because your 2006 modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes exceeded $100,000.
You made a contribution to a traditional IRA and later recharacterized part or all of it to a Roth IRA. If you recharacterized only part of the contribution, report the nondeductible traditional IRA portion of the remaining contribution, if any, on Form 8606, Part I. If you recharacterized the entire contribution, do not report the contribution on Form 8606. In either case, attach a statement to your return explaining the recharacterization. If the recharacterization occurred in 2006, include the amount transferred from the traditional IRA on Form 1040, line 15a; Form 1040A, line 11a; or Form 1040NR, line 16a. If the recharacterization occurred in 2007, report the amount transferred only in the attached statement.

Example. You are single, covered by a retirement plan, and you contributed $4,000 to a new traditional IRA on May 27, 2006. On February 24, 2007, you determine that your 2006 modified AGI will limit your traditional IRA deduction to $1,000. The value of your traditional IRA on that date is $4,400. You decide to recharacterize $3,000 of the traditional IRA contribution as a Roth IRA contribution, and have $3,300 ($3,000 contribution plus $300 related earnings) transferred from your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer. You deduct the $1,000 traditional IRA contribution on Form 1040. You are not required to file Form 8606, but you must attach a statement to your return explaining the recharacterization. The statement indicates that you contributed $4,000 to a traditional IRA on May 27, 2006; recharacterized $3,000 of that contribution on February 24, 2007, by transferring $3,000 plus $300 of related earnings from your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer; and that all $1,000 of the remaining traditional IRA contribution is deducted on Form 1040. You do not report the $3,300 distribution from your traditional IRA on your 2006 Form 1040 because the distribution occurred in 2007. You do not report the distribution on your 2007 Form 1040 because the recharacterization related to 2006 and was explained in an attachment to your 2006 return.
You made a contribution to a Roth IRA and later recharacterized part or all of it to a traditional IRA. Report the nondeductible traditional IRA portion, if any, on Form 8606, Part I. If you did not recharacterize the entire contribution, do not report the remaining Roth IRA portion of the contribution on Form 8606. Attach a statement to your return explaining the recharacterization. If the recharacterization occurred in 2006, include the amount transferred from the Roth IRA on Form 1040, line 15a; Form 1040A, line 11a; or Form 1040NR, line 16a. If the recharacterization occurred in 2007, report the amount transferred only in the attached statement, and not on your 2006 or 2007 tax return.

Example. You are single and contributed $4,000 to a new Roth IRA on June 14, 2006. On December 27, 2006, you determine that your 2006 modified AGI will allow a full traditional IRA deduction. You decide to recharacterize the Roth IRA contribution as a traditional IRA contribution and have $4,200, the balance in the Roth IRA account ($4,000 contribution plus $200 related earnings), transferred from your Roth IRA to a traditional IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer. You deduct the $4,000 traditional IRA contribution on Form 1040. You are not required to file Form 8606, but you must attach a statement to your return explaining the recharacterization. The statement indicates that you contributed $4,000 to a new Roth IRA on June 14, 2006; recharacterized that contribution on December 27, 2006, by transferring $4,200, the balance in the Roth IRA, to a traditional IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer; and that $4,000 of the traditional IRA contribution is deducted on Form 1040. You include the $4,200 distribution on your 2006 Form 1040, line 15a.

Return of IRA Contributions

If, in 2006, you made traditional IRA contributions or Roth IRA contributions for 2006 and you had those contributions returned to you with any related earnings (or less any loss) by the due date (including extensions) of your 2006 tax return, the returned contributions are treated as if they were never contributed. Do not report the contribution or distribution on Form 8606 or take a deduction for the contribution. However, you must report the distribution and any related earnings on your 2006 Form 1040, lines 15a and 15b; Form 1040A, lines 11a and 11b; or Form 1040NR, lines 16a and 16b. Attach a statement explaining the distribution. You cannot deduct any loss that occurred (see Pub. 590 for an exception if you withdrew the entire amount in all your traditional or Roth IRAs). Also, if you were under age 59½ at the time of a distribution with related earnings, you generally are subject to the additional 10% tax on early distributions (see Form 5329, Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans (Including IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts).

If you timely filed your 2006 tax return without withdrawing a contribution that you made in 2006, you can still have the contribution returned to you within 6 months of the due date of your 2006 tax return, excluding extensions. If you do, file an amended return with “Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2” written at the top. Report any related earnings on the amended return and include an explanation of the withdrawal. Make any other necessary changes on the amended return (for example, if you reported the contributions as excess contributions on your original return, include an amended Form 5329 reflecting that the withdrawn contributions are no longer treated as having been contributed).

In most cases, the related earnings that you must withdraw are figured by your IRA trustee or custodian. If you need to figure the related earnings on IRA contributions that were returned to you, see Contributions Returned Before Due Date of Return in Pub. 590. If you made a contribution or distribution while the IRA held the returned contribution, see Pub. 590.

If you made a contribution for 2005 and you had it returned to you in 2006 as described above, do not report the distribution on your 2006 tax return. Instead, report it on your 2005 original or amended return in the manner described above.

Example. On May 31, 2006, you contributed $4,000 to your traditional IRA. The value of the IRA was $18,000 prior to the contribution. On December 29, 2006, when you are age 57 and the value of the IRA is $23,600, you realize you cannot make the entire contribution because your taxable compensation for the year will be only $3,000. You decide to have $1,000 of the contribution returned to you and withdraw $1,076 from your IRA ($1,000 contribution plus $76 earnings). You did not make any other withdrawals or contributions. You are not required to file Form 8606. You deduct the $3,000 remaining contribution on Form 1040. You include $1,076 on Form 1040, line 15a, and $76 on line 15b. You attach a statement to your tax return explaining the distribution. Because you properly removed the excess contribution with the related earnings by the due date of your tax return, you are not subject to the additional 6% tax on excess contributions. However, because you were under age 59½ at the time of the distribution, the $76 of earnings is subject to the additional 10% tax on early distributions. You include $7.60 on Form 1040, line 60.

Return of Excess Traditional IRA Contributions

The return (distribution) in 2006 of excess traditional IRA contributions for years prior to 2006 is not taxable if all three of the following apply.

The distribution was made after the due date, including extensions, of your tax return for the year for which the contribution was made (if the distribution was made earlier, see Return of IRA Contributions on
this page).
The total contributions (excluding rollovers and conversions) to your traditional and SEP IRAs for the year for which the excess contribution was made did not exceed:
1. $4,000 ($4,500 if age 50 or older at the end of the year) for 2005,
2. $3,000 ($3,500 if age 50 or older at the end of the year) for years after 2001 and before 2005,
3. $2,000 for years after 1996 and before 2002, or
4. $2,250 for years before 1997.
If your total IRA contributions for the year included employer contributions to a SEP IRA, increase the $4,000 ($4,500, if applicable), $3,000 ($3,500, if applicable), $2,000, or $2,250 by the smaller of the employer contributions or $42,000 ($41,000 for 2004, $40,000 for 2003 and 2002, $35,000 for 2001, or $30,000 for years before 2001).
No deduction was allowable (without regard to the modified AGI limitation) or taken for the excess contributions.

Include the total amount distributed on Form 1040, line 15a; Form 1040A, line 11a; or Form 1040NR, line 16a; and attach a statement to your return explaining the distribution. See the example below.

If you meet these conditions and are otherwise required to file Form 8606:

Do not take into account the amount of the withdrawn contributions in figuring line 2, and
Do not include the amount of the withdrawn contributions on line 7.

Example. You are single, you retired in 2003, and you had no taxable compensation after 2003. However, you made traditional IRA contributions (that you did not deduct) of $3,000 in 2004 and $4,000 in 2005. In November 2006, a tax practitioner informed you that you had made excess contributions for those years because you had no taxable compensation. You withdrew the $7,000 and filed amended returns for 2004 and 2005 reflecting the additional 6% tax on excess contributions on Form 5329. You include the $7,000 distribution on your 2006 Form 1040, line 15a, enter -0- on line 15b, and attach a statement to your return explaining the distribution, including the fact that you filed amended returns for 2004 and 2005 and paid the additional 6% tax on the excess contributions for those years. The statement indicates that the distribution is not taxable because (a) it was made after the due dates of your 2004 and 2005 tax returns, including extensions, (b) your total IRA contributions did not exceed $3,000 ($3,500 if age 50 or older at the end of 2004) for 2004 or $4,000 ($4,500 if age 50 or older at the end of 2005) for 2005, and (c) you did not take a deduction for the contributions, and no deduction was allowable because you did not have any taxable compensation for those years. The statement also indicates that the distribution reduced your excess contributions to -0-, as reflected on your 2006 Form 5329 and it indicates your adjusted basis in nondeductible contributions.

Amending Form 8606

After you file your return, you can change a nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA to a deductible contribution or vice versa. You also may be able to make a recharacterization (see page 3). If necessary, complete a new Form 8606 showing the revised information and file it with Form 1040X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return.

Penalty for Not Filing

If you are required to file Form 8606 to report a nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA for 2006, but do not do so, you must pay a $50 penalty, unless you can show reasonable cause.

Overstatement Penalty

If you overstate your nondeductible contributions, you must pay a $100 penalty, unless you can show reasonable cause.

What Records Must I Keep?

To verify the nontaxable part of distributions from your IRAs, including Roth IRAs, keep a copy of the following forms and records until all distributions are made.

Page 1 of Forms 1040 (or Forms 1040A, 1040NR, or 1040-T) filed for each year you made a nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA.
Forms 8606 and any supporting statements, attachments, and worksheets for all applicable years.
Forms 5498 or similar statements you received each year showing contributions you made to a traditional IRA or Roth IRA.
Forms 5498 or similar statements you received showing the value of your traditional IRAs for each year you received a distribution.
Forms 1099-R or W-2P you received for each year you received a distribution.

Forms 1040-T and W-2P are forms that were used in prior years.

General Instructions