Instructions for Form 8264 |
2003 Tax Year |
General Instructions
This is archived information that pertains only to the 2003 Tax Year. If you are looking for information for the current tax year, go to the Tax Prep Help Area.
Organizers of certain tax shelters, including confidential
corporate tax shelters in which interests were offered after February
28, 2000, are required to file Form 8264 to register the tax shelters
with the IRS. Organizers of tax shelters under section 6111(c) must
complete Parts I, II, and III of Form 8264. Organizers of a
confidential corporate tax shelter must complete Parts I and IV of
Form 8264. If a confidential corporate tax shelter also meets the
definition of a tax shelter under section 6111(c), the organizer must
complete all parts of the form. Organizers filing a properly completed
Form 8264 will receive a tax shelter registration number from the IRS.
They must furnish the tax shelter registration number to investors in
the tax shelter. Investors must report the tax shelter registration
number on their tax returns using Form 8271, Investor
Reporting of Tax Shelter Registration Number.
For purposes of the registration requirement for tax shelters under
section 6111(c) and confidential corporate tax shelters, the term
organizer includes any person who participates in the organization,
management, or sale of the tax shelter. See Who Is Required To
Register a Tax Shelter? on page 2. For purposes of this form,
“promoter” as defined under section 6111 and the regulations will
be referred to as “organizer.”
Tax Shelters Under Section 6111(c)
An investment that meets the following two requirements is
considered a tax shelter under section 6111(c) for registration
purposes, regardless of whether it is marketed or customarily
designated as a tax shelter.
1. The investment is one with respect to which a person
could reasonably infer from representations made or to be made in
connection with the offering for sale of an interest in the investment
that the tax shelter ratio (defined on page 5) may be greater than 2
to 1 for any investor at the close of any of the first 5 years ending
after the date on which the investment is offered for sale; and
2. The investment is one that is required to be
registered under a Federal or state law regulating securities, or that
is sold under an exemption from registration requiring the filing of a
notice with a Federal or state agency regulating the offering or sale
of securities, or that is a substantial investment (defined on page
4).
Confidential Corporate Tax Shelters
An investment that meets each of the following three requirements
is considered a “confidential corporate tax shelter” under
section 6111(d).
1.
A significant purpose of the structure of the investment is the
avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax for a direct or indirect
corporate participant. Avoidance or evasion of tax is considered a
significant purpose if the investment consists of either of the
following:
- Listed transactions. This category includes
transactions that are the same as or substantially similar to one of
the types of transactions that the IRS has determined to be a tax
avoidance transaction identified by notice, regulation, or other form
of published guidance as a listed transaction for purposes of section
6111. See Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-2T(b)(2). There may
be subsequent guidance identifying additional tax avoidance
transactions. For existing guidance see Notice 2001-51, 2001-34 I.R.B.
190.
- Other tax-structured transactions. Generally,
this includes transactions (a) that are structured to
produce Federal income tax benefits as an important part of the
intended results of the transaction and (b) that the
organizer or other persons responsible for registration reasonably
expect to be presented to more than one potential participant in the
same or substantially similar form. See Exception for
confidential corporate tax shelters on page 2.
2.
The investment is offered to any potential participant under
conditions of confidentiality. Generally, an offer is considered
confidential if:
- An offeree's disclosure of the structure or tax aspects of
the transaction is limited in any way by express or implied
understanding or agreement (whether or not legally binding) with or
for the benefit of the organizer or
- The organizer knows or has reason to know that the offeree's
use or disclosure of information relating to the structure or tax
aspect of the transaction is limited for the benefit of any person
other than the offeree.
3.
Fees in excess of $100,000 (in the aggregate) may be received by
organizers of the tax shelter and any person related to such person
under sections 267 and 707. For this purpose, substantially similar
transactions are treated as part of the same tax shelter and the fees
from the transaction must be combined. The fees include all
consideration such persons may receive, including contingent fees,
equity interests, and fees for other transactions received as
consideration for promoting the tax shelter.
See Temporary Regulations sections 301.6111-2T(b), (c), and (d) for
details.
An investment may be a tax shelter under section 6111(c), a
confidential corporate tax shelter, or both.
Who Is Required To Register a Tax Shelter?
Generally, tax shelters under section 6111(c) and confidential
corporate tax shelters (under section 6111(d)) must be registered by a
tax shelter organizer. If a principal organizer, defined on
page 4, does not register the shelter by the day interests in the
shelter are first offered for sale, any of the following persons may
be treated as a tax shelter organizer.
- A person who participated in the organization of the
shelter.
- A person who participates in the management of the shelter
when it is not properly registered.
- A person who participates in the sale of the shelter at a
time when that person knows, or has reason to know, that the shelter
has not been properly registered.
Note:
If all organizers of a confidential corporate tax shelter are
foreign persons, any person who discusses participation in the
transaction may be required to register the tax shelter (see Temporary
Regulations section 301.6111-2T(g)(2) for details).
A group of persons who may be treated as tax shelter organizers may
enter into a written agreement designating one person to be
responsible for registering the tax shelter. This designated
organizer must have participated in the organization of the tax
shelter and may not be a resident of a foreign country. Those who sign
the agreement, other than the designated organizer, will not be
subject to a penalty unless they know or have reason to know that the
designated organizer has failed to register the tax shelter as
required. In that case, a person, other than the designated organizer,
will be subject to a penalty if he or she does not register the tax
shelter as soon as practicable. For more detailed information
concerning designation agreements and their consequences, see A-34
through A-39 of Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T.
If a tax shelter is not registered on time and there is no
designation agreement, each person required to register the tax
shelter will be subject to a penalty unless he or she has reasonable
cause for failure to file a registration statement. For information
about the applicable penalty and the circumstances in which a person
required to register has reasonable cause for failure to register, see
Penalties on page 4, and Temporary Regulations section
301.6707-1T, relating to penalties for failure to furnish information
regarding tax shelters.
Exemptions From Registration
Exemptions for tax shelters under section 6111(c).
The following investments are not subject to tax shelter
registration under section 6111(c). These exceptions do not apply to
confidential corporate tax shelters.
- Sales of residences primarily to persons who are expected to
use the residences as their principal place of residence.
- Sales or leases of tangible personal property (other than
master sound recordings, motion picture or television films,
videotapes, lithograph plates, or other property relating to a
literary, musical, or artistic composition) by the manufacturer of the
property (or a member of an affiliated group, within the meaning of
section 1502, including the manufacturer) primarily to persons who are
expected to use the property in their principal active trade or
business.
- Sales or leases of tangible personal property (other than
collectibles, master sound recordings, motion picture or television
films, videotapes, lithograph plates, or other property that includes
or relates to a literary, musical, or artistic composition) by a
person in the ordinary course of that person's trade or business will
be exempt if the purchaser or lessee is reasonably expected to use the
property either for a personal use or in the purchaser's or lessee's
principal active trade or business.
- Performance of services in connection with the recipient's
principal active trade or business or for the recipient's personal
use.
See A-24 and A-24A of Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T for
additional information on investments exempt from registration as a
section 6111(c) tax shelter.
Exception for confidential corporate tax shelters.
Generally, if the organizer of a confidential corporate tax shelter
reasonably determines that there is no reasonable basis under Federal
tax law for denial of any significant portion of the expected income
tax benefits from the transaction, tax avoidance or evasion of taxes
is not considered a significant purpose of the structure of the
transaction and registration is not required. This exception does not
apply to transactions that are the same as or substantially similar to
listed transactions. See Temporary Regulations sections
301.6111-2T(b)(3) and (4) for details.
See Request for Ruling beginning on page 3.
Suspension of Registration Requirements for
Projected Income Investments
Note: These rules apply only to section 6111(c) tax
shelters.
The registration requirements may be suspended for a tax shelter if
investors are told in a written statement made in good faith and based
on reasonable economic and business assumptions that their investment
is expected to produce net income and not to provide net tax benefits
(a projected income investment). A tax shelter does not
qualify for suspension if there is a projection (whether oral or
written) of a net loss or other tax benefit (determined on a
cumulative basis) in any of its first 5 years or if the tax shelter
invests beyond an incidental amount in any interest in a collectible
(as defined in section 408(m)(2)), a master sound recording, motion
picture or television film, videotape, lithograph plate, copyright, or
a literary, musical, or artistic composition.
The suspension ends if the tax shelter subsequently reduces the
cumulative tax liability of an investor during the 5-year period. In
that case, the tax shelter must be registered within 30 days after the
end of the tax shelter's year in which the reduction is generated and
before a Schedule K-1 or similar form is sent to the investor. Once
the tax shelter is registered, registration numbers must be provided
to investors.
For more detailed information concerning the suspension of the
registration requirements as a section 6111(c) tax shelter for
projected income investments, see A-57A through A-57J of Temporary
Regulations section 301.6111-1T.
In general, file Form 8264 no later than the day on which an
interest in the tax shelter is first offered for sale.
File Form 8264 with the Internal Revenue Service Center, Ogden,
Utah 84201.
Furnishing a Tax Shelter Registration Number
In general, any person who sells (or otherwise transfers) an
interest in a tax shelter must furnish that tax shelter's registration
number to each investor. For purposes of furnishing tax shelter
registration numbers, the term investors includes both
original purchasers of tax shelter interests and persons who acquire
their interests from prior purchasers.
The registration number must be furnished to the investor at the
time of sale or transfer of the interest. If the seller or transferor
has not received the registration number at this time, a written
statement must be given to the investor stating that the number has
been applied for and will be furnished when available. It then must be
given to the investor within 20 days after the seller or transferor
receives it.
For information about furnishing the number, the required content
of the written statement, and the required legend stating that the tax
shelter has not been approved, etc., by the Internal Revenue Service,
see A-51 through A-54 of Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T.
The registration number must be included on any return on which an
investor claims any deduction, loss, credit, or other tax benefit, or
reports any income relating to the tax shelter.
Keeping Lists of Investors
Generally, any organizer of an interest in any potentially abusive
tax shelter is required to keep a list of all investors, except for
investors identified in Investor exceptions on this page.
For purposes of keeping a list of investors, potentially abusive tax
shelters include:
- Tax shelters under section 6111 that are required to be
registered.
- Confidential corporate tax shelters and other tax shelters
that meet the requirements of section 6111(d)(1)(A) (that is, tax
shelters that meet requirement 1 of the definition of Confidential
Corporate Tax Shelter provided on page 1). Keep investor lists for
these tax shelters whether or not the transaction is offered to any
corporate participant. See Confidential corporate tax shelters
on this page for details.
- Any tax shelter that is a projected income investment as
defined in Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T A-57A.
Note
The list of investors must include the following information:
- The name, registration number, if any, and the identifying
number of the tax shelter,
- The name, address, and identifying number of each
investor,
- The number of units acquired and the date on which each
interest is acquired by each investor,
- The amount of money invested by each investor,
- The name, address, and employer identification number of any
indirect corporate participant in a confidential corporate tax shelter
or tax shelter under section 6111(d)(1)(A) if known by the
organizer,
- A detailed description of the tax shelter describing both
its structure and intended tax benefits,
- A summary or schedule of the tax benefits that each investor
is intended or expected to derive, if known,
- Copies of any additional written materials, including tax
analyses or opinions, relating to the tax shelter that have been given
to any potential investors or their representatives, tax advisors, or
agents,
- If the interest was not acquired from the person maintaining
the list, the name of the person from whom the interest was acquired,
and
- The name and address of each agent of the person maintaining
the list. For purposes of this item, agent includes any agent who
negotiates the transfer of any interest in a tax shelter for the tax
shelter, an organizer, or an underwriter, broker, or dealer (or other
similar person) who transfers any interest in a tax shelter. See
Temporary Regulations section 301.6112-1T.
Note:
Except for item 5, the above information is required for investors
in all tax shelters subject to the list of investor requirement,
including investors in tax shelters under section 6111(c).
Confidential corporate tax shelters.
The requirement to keep a list of investors for confidential
corporate tax shelters applies to interests acquired after February
28, 2000. The requirement to keep a list of investors also applies to
a tax shelter if a significant purpose of its structure is avoidance
or evasion of Federal income tax (requirement 1 of the definition of
confidential corporate tax shelters provided on page 1), even if the
tax shelter is not offered under conditions of confidentiality or the
fees are not expected to exceed $100,000. See the definition of
confidential corporate tax shelters on page 1 for details.
Note:
A list of investors is required whether or not the
confidential corporate tax shelter or tax shelter under section
6111(d)(1)(A) is ever offered to a corporate investor.
If an IRS ruling is requested to determine if a transaction must be
registered as a confidential corporate tax shelter, the requirement to
make investor lists available for inspection is temporarily suspended.
See Request for Ruling below for details.
Investor exceptions.
An organizer may, but is not required to, list a person if the
potentially abusive tax shelter is not subject to registration under
section 6111, is not a listed transaction (defined on page 1), and is
not a projected income investment described in Temporary Regulations
section 301.6111-1T A-57A, if:
- The total consideration paid to all organizers for the
person's tax shelter interest was less than $25,000, or
- The tax shelter organizer reasonably believes that such
person's acquisition of the interest will not result in a reduction of
Federal income tax liability of:
- Any corporation(s) that exceeds, in the aggregate, $1
million in any single tax year or a total of $2 million for any
combination of tax years and
- Any noncorporate taxpayer(s) that exceeds, in the aggregate,
$250,000 in any single tax year or a total of $500,000 for any
combination of tax years.
In any case in which an attorney or federally authorized tax
practitioner within the meaning of section 7525 is the person required
to register a confidential corporate tax shelter or to keep lists of
investors, and that person believes that information required to be
disclosed on Form 8264 or kept on a list of investors is protected by
the attorney-client privilege or by the confidentiality privilege of
section 7525(a), any information omitted from the Form 8264, or
required as part of the list of investors and withheld from disclosure
to the IRS, on the basis of such a claim must be supported by a
statement which satisfies the requirements of Temporary Regulations
sections 301.6111-2T(e)(3)(ii) and 301.6112-1T Q&A-17(b). If
information is omitted from Form 8264 on the basis of such a claim,
attach the required statement to the form.
Note:
These rules apply only to confidential corporate tax shelters.
A tax shelter organizer, or other person responsible for
registration or maintaining a list of investors, may request a ruling
from the IRS to determine whether a transaction must be registered as
a confidential corporate tax shelter or is subject to the investor
list requirement. The request for ruling must be submitted to the IRS
on or before the date registration is otherwise required. Send the
request to Internal Revenue Service, Attn: CC:PA:T, P.O. Box 7604, Ben
Franklin Station, Washington, DC 20044. However, if a private delivery
service is used, send the request to Internal Revenue Service, Attn:
CC:PA:T, Room 6561, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC
20224. See Rev. Proc. 2001-1, 2001-1 I.R.B. 1 or subsequent IRS
guidance for more details. If the request fully discloses all relevant
facts relating to the transaction, the requirement to make investor
lists available for inspection is suspended during the period the
ruling is pending. If the IRS determines that the transaction is a
confidential corporate tax shelter subject to registration, the due
date for registration is extended for sixty days from the date of the
ruling or the date of the withdrawal of the ruling request. The
requirement to make investor lists available for inspection is
suspended for sixty days from the date of the ruling or the date of
the withdrawal of the ruling request. See Temporary Regulations
sections 301.6111-2T(b)(5) and 301.6112-1T Q&A-4(b) for details.
If a tax shelter organizer is required to register a tax shelter
under section 6111(c) and fails to do so when required, or files false
or incomplete information, a penalty may be charged equal to the
greater of $500 or 1% of the aggregate amount invested in the shelter.
No penalty will be charged if the organizer has reasonable cause for
failing to comply with the registration requirements.
If a confidential corporate tax shelter organizer required to
register fails to do so when required, or files false or incomplete
information, a penalty may be charged equal to the greater of $10,000
or 50% of the fees paid to all organizers before the date the shelter
is registered. In the case of an intentional disregard of the
requirement to register a confidential corporate tax shelter, the
penalty is increased to 75% of the fees.
Any person who is required to furnish a tax shelter registration
number to investors in the tax shelter and who fails to do so will be
charged a penalty of $100 for each failure.
A person required to keep a list of investors may be charged a
penalty for each investor who is required to be on the list but is
omitted. The penalty is $50 for each omission, limited to a maximum of
$100,000 per year. No penalty will be charged if the omission was due
to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.
An additional civil penalty is imposed against any person who
directly or indirectly organizes or promotes an abusive tax shelter.
The penalty also applies to persons who cause other parties to make or
furnish false or fraudulent statements or gross valuation
overstatements that promote the abusive tax shelter. The penalty is
equal to the lesser of $1,000 or 100% of the gross income derived (or
to be derived) by that person from that activity.
Penalties are also imposed against persons who knowingly aid and
abet in the understatement of the tax liability of another person. The
penalty is $1,000 ($10,000 for corporate tax returns and documents).
Criminal penalties for failure to file on time and for filing a
false or fraudulent return are provided by sections 7203, 7206, and
7207.
A registration number may not be issued if an incomplete
application is filed. You must make an entry on Form 8264 whenever an
item is applicable. If you need more space, attach a statement or use
the Explanation of Items in Part V of the form. You may
incorporate information contained in other documents. If you do,
attach copies of the documents and specify the page number of the
incorporated material. When dollar amounts are called for, use whole
dollar amounts.
Note:
If an item does not apply or you do not know the requested
information, leave the item blank and explain in Part V of the form
why it does not apply or why you do not know the requested
information.
Amendments may be made to Form 8264 in certain cases. If there is
any material change in facts occurring after the initial registration,
you may, but are not required to, file an amended form. The following
are examples of a material change in facts.
- A change in the identifying information relating to the tax
shelter or tax shelter organizer.
- The acquisition or construction of a principal asset not
reported on the initial application for registration.
- A change in the method of financing a minimum investment
unit.
- A change in the principal business activity.
- A change in any tax shelter ratio reported on the initial
application for registration that increases or decreases the
reciprocal of the tax shelter ratio by 50% or more. The reciprocal of
the ratio is the fraction in which the amount of the applicable
investment base is the numerator and the amount of the applicable
deductions and credits is the denominator. For example, if the tax
shelter ratio changes from 2 to 1 to 4 to 1, the reciprocal of the tax
shelter ratio decreases from ½ to ¼, a
50% decrease. Similarly, if the tax shelter ratio changes from 6 to 1
to 4 to 1, the reciprocal of the tax shelter ratio increases from ¼ to ¼, a 50% increase. Both examples would
be a material change in facts.
- A tax shelter transaction is the same or substantially
similar to a listed transaction that was identified by the IRS after
the initial application was filed (see Listed transactions
on page 1).
To amend Form 8264, enter in the space provided above Part I the
tax shelter registration number previously issued to the tax shelter.
If the tax shelter has not yet received the registration number, enter
“Applied for” in the space. Complete the top portion of Part I
above Item 1a, but only show in the remainder of Parts I through Part
IV the information that has changed since the tax shelter was
registered. In addition, you should include any other information that
you did not know at the time the tax shelter was registered but have
since learned. Complete the signature area on page 2. For further
information, see A-45A of Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T.
Note:
The filing of an amended application will not affect the
determination whether the initial application would be subject to any
applicable penalty. In addition, if the initial application was timely
filed and contained complete and accurate information, the penalty
under section 6707 will not be imposed as a result of the information
in an amended application.
Principal organizer.
A person principally responsible for organizing a tax shelter is
any person who discovers, creates, investigates, or initiates the
investment, devises the business or financial plans for the
investment, or carries out those plans through negotiations or
transactions with others.
Participation in the organization of a tax shelter.
Participation in the organization of a tax shelter includes the
performance of any act (directly or through an agent) related to the
establishment of the tax shelter.
Participation in the management of a tax shelter.
Participation in the management of a tax shelter includes managing
the assets of the tax shelter or directing or having supervisory
authority for its business activities.
Participation in the sale of a tax shelter.
Participation in the sale of a tax shelter includes any marketing
activities (directly or through an agent) with respect to an
investment.
For more detailed information concerning the terms defined above,
see A-25 through A-33 of Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T.
Substantial investment.
A substantial investment is one in which the total amount that may
be offered for sale to all investors exceeds $250,000 and at least
five investors are expected. The total amount offered for sale is the
total amount to be received from the sale of interests in the
investment. It includes all cash, fair market value of property
contributed, and indebtedness received in exchange for interests. For
the purpose of determining whether five or more investors are expected
in an investment involving real property (and related personal
property) used as a farm for farming purposes, interests in the
investment expected to be held by a husband and wife, their children
and parents, and the spouses of their children will be treated as held
by one investor.
Aggregation of similar plans or arrangements.
Generally, for purposes of determining whether investments are
parts of a substantial investment, investments offered by the same
person or related persons that involve similar business assets and
similar plans or arrangements are aggregated. However, investments
exempt from registration (see paragraphs 3 and 4
under Exemptions for tax shelters under section 6111(c)
on page 2) because they are sold or leased to or involve
rendition of services to persons who are reasonably expected to use
the property or services for either personal use or in their principal
active trade or business are not aggregated with similar investments
by persons who are expected to use the property or services for other
purposes. See A-22 and A-24A of Temporary Regulations section
301.6111-1T.
Tax shelter ratio.
The tax shelter ratio with respect to any year for any investor is
the ratio that the aggregate amount of deductions and 350% of the
credits that are represented or that will be represented as
potentially allowable to an investor under subtitle A of the Internal
Revenue Code, for all periods up to (and including) the close of the
year, bears to the investment base for the investor as of the close of
the year. Use the Tax Shelter Ratio Computation on page 2
of Form 8264 to compute tax shelter ratios.
For purposes of computing the tax shelter ratio for a year, general
partners in a limited partnership will not be treated as investors in
the partnership if the general partners' aggregate interest in each
item of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit for the
year is not expected to exceed 2%. For purposes other than the
computation of the tax shelter ratio, however, general partners will
be treated as investors.
The term year means the tax year of a tax shelter, or if
the tax shelter has no tax year, the calendar year.
Potentially allowable deduction or credit.
A deduction or credit is considered to be represented as being
potentially allowable to an investor if any oral or written statement
is made in connection with the offering for sale of an interest in an
investment indicating that a tax deduction or credit is available or
may be used to reduce Federal taxable income or Federal income tax.
Representations may be made, for example, as advertisements, written
offering materials, prospectuses, or tax opinions, and include general
representations that tax benefits are available. For example, an
advertisement stating that “ purchase of a restaurant includes trade
fixtures (5-year write-off)” is considered an explicit
representation of tax benefits. In addition, if any explicit
representation is made regarding any tax benefit, all deductions or
credits typically associated with the investment will be treated as
having been represented as potentially allowable. See A-8 through A-12
of Temporary Regulations section 301.6111-1T and the instructions for
Part III for additional information about potentially
allowable deductions or credits.
Investment base.
The investment base for any year is the cumulative amount of money
and the adjusted basis of other property (reduced by any liability to
which the other property is subject) that is unconditionally required
to be contributed or paid directly to the tax shelter by the investor
before the close of the year. Amounts which reduce the investment base
are listed in the instructions on page 7 for line 24 of Part
III.
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